Author: shyam

Momentum should be part of every portfolio

The Two Anomalies in Finance

Momentum and Value remain the two “anomalies” in finance. The Efficient Market Hypothesis cannot explain why value investing, where investors pick up “under-priced” stocks, and momentum investing, where investors bet on stocks that have already run up, give out-sized returns compared to the rest of the market. After all, aren’t markets supposed to discover the “right” price and negate these effects?

Investing in Momentum

Value investors get a lot of face-time in media – people like to hear about stocks that are “hidden gems” that can suddenly come alive and give out-sized returns. However, very little is spoken about momentum investing. This results in investment portfolios that are underweight momentum.

The problem with momentum investing are the large draw-downs. When momentum stocks tank, they do so spectacularly. The draw-down keeps away most mutual funds from seriously pursuing this strategy: a) they can’t get out easily, and b) if they show too much volatility, investors will revolt.

But individual investors don’t have these constraints if they learn to embrace volatility.

Comparing Momentum Returns

Our FundCompare tool allows you to see how momentum investing has fared over different time-frames and compare their returns to whatever mutual fund you own. For example, if you compare Momentum with the ICICI Value Discovery Fund, here’s how the monthly returns compare:

Between 2014-01-01 and 2015-06-18, Momentum has had an IRR of 70.16% vs. ICICI Prudential Value Discovery Fund’s IRR of 50.05%download

How much should you invest?

Risk, at the end of the day, is whatever allows you to sleep at night. You could start with a 10% allocation and scale till you reach your limit. Whichever way you choose to go bout it, our Momentum Theme will be ready for you.

Weekly Recap: What is Life?

world.2015-06-12.2015-06-19

Equities

Major
DAX(DEU) -1.40%
CAC(FRA) -1.75%
UKX(GBR) -1.10%
NKY(JPN) -1.14%
SPX(USA) +0.75%
MINTs
JCI(IDN) +1.00%
INMEX(MEX) +0.60%
NGSEINDX(NGA) -1.08%
XU030(TUR) +2.55%
BRICS
IBOV(BRA) +0.89%
SHCOMP(CHN) -13.32%
NIFTY(IND) +3.03%
INDEXCF(RUS) +0.65%
TOP40(ZAF) +0.09%

Commodities

Energy
Brent Crude Oil -1.87%
Ethanol +0.88%
Heating Oil -2.07%
Natural Gas +2.32%
RBOB Gasoline -3.63%
WTI Crude Oil -1.28%
Metals
Palladium -3.98%
Silver 5000oz +1.90%
Copper -3.70%
Gold 100oz +1.74%
Platinum -0.96%

Currencies

USDEUR:-0.67% USDJPY:-0.66%

MINTs
USDIDR(IDN) -0.03%
USDMXN(MEX) -0.38%
USDNGN(NGA) +0.05%
USDTRY(TUR) -0.77%
BRICS
USDBRL(BRA) -0.53%
USDCNY(CHN) +0.02%
USDINR(IND) -0.78%
USDRUB(RUS) -2.09%
USDZAR(ZAF) -1.78%
Agricultural
Coffee (Arabica) -4.41%
Coffee (Robusta) +6.65%
Lean Hogs -6.93%
Lumber +1.63%
Orange Juice -2.23%
Corn +0.00%
Cotton -0.84%
White Sugar +0.40%
Feeder Cattle -0.04%
Cattle -0.30%
Cocoa +0.62%
Soybean Meal +1.86%
Soybeans +3.33%
Sugar #11 -5.12%
Wheat -3.07%

Credit Indices

Index Change
Markit CDX EM -0.21%
Markit CDX NA HY -0.84%
Markit CDX NA IG +4.06%
Markit iTraxx Asia ex-Japan IG +2.43%
Markit iTraxx Australia +3.39%
Markit iTraxx Europe +9.01%
Markit iTraxx Europe Crossover +36.53%
Markit iTraxx Japan +4.22%
Markit iTraxx SovX Western Europe +2.81%
Markit LCDX (Loan CDS) +0.00%
Markit MCDX (Municipal CDS) +0.97%
China is going through whatever India went through in the 90’s. Europe is going through their quarterly Greece-related gyrations. And Indian markets woke up…

Index Returns

index.performance.2015-06-12.2015-06-19
For a deeper dive into indices, check out our weekly Index Update.

Market Cap Decile Performance

Decile Mkt. Cap. Adv/Decl
1 (micro) +1.32% 68/58
2 +2.63% 64/62
3 +2.92% 67/59
4 +4.06% 65/60
5 +3.86% 67/59
6 +3.84% 76/50
7 +2.58% 66/59
8 +2.74% 63/63
9 +2.69% 68/58
10 (mega) +2.70% 63/63
Rally across the board…

Top Winners and Losers

EICHERMOT +11.73%
RELIANCE +12.00%
GLENMARK +12.36%
MCDOWELL-N -6.31%
VEDL -4.87%
CONCOR -4.65%
This stopped making sense a long time ago…

ETF Performance

NIFTYBEES +2.96%
JUNIORBEES +2.60%
CPSEETF +2.39%
BANKBEES +2.12%
PSUBNKBEES +1.52%
GOLDBEES +0.51%
INFRABEES -1.00%
There is talk about #gold #bonds being floated around by the RBI. After the tepid reaction to inflation-linked bonds and gold-deposits, you would think they would approach this topic with a bit more humility…

Yield Curve

yield Curve.2015-06-12.2015-06-19

Bond Indices

Sub Index Change in YTM Total Return(%)
GSEC TB +0.13 +0.11%
GSEC SUB 1-3 +0.07 +0.20%
GSEC SUB 3-8 -0.16 +0.99%
GSEC SUB 8 -0.03 +0.59%
A smart recovery at the middle…

Investment Theme Performance

Equity Mutual Funds

Bond Mutual Funds

Thought for the weekend

Mutual Fund Performance Chasing

Introduction

Mutual fund sales brochures and distributors often highlight past performance. Why? Because performance sells. The disclaimer that “past performance is not an indicator of future returns” is buried in small-print at the back of the book.

To see how bad a predictor past performance is of future returns, we came up with a novel idea. We used the Relative Strength Spread that we wrote about recently and applied it to mutual fund returns. This gave us three things:

  1. Normalized returns with respect to CNX 500 irrespective of the fund’s benchmark.
  2. A visualization of the performance gap between the best and the worst funds. And,
  3. A parade of top-10 and bottom-10 funds across different periods of time.

Relative Performance

Here’s how the spread between the top and bottom-decile looks like with a 100-day lookback:
CNX 500.mf.relative-spread-index.100

And with a 365-day lookback:
CNX 500.mf.relative-spread-index.365

When the broad markets go up, the performance gap between the best and the worst funds widen. Some managers wring more out the markets than the others. However, during the bear phase, the relative performance between different funds compress. If the market is bad, they all look beige.

Longevity of returns

Is the out-performance sustainable? If you picked the best performing fund this year, will it retain its position the next? Click to embiggen:

mutual fund relative performance decile

None of the top performers in 2010 retained their spot in 2011; same as in 2013 vs. 2014. There were a few cases where funds in the top-decile slipped to the bottom decile the next year. It is a total crap-shoot.

Conclusion

There is absolutely no connection between past performance and future returns. If fund managers require a broad-based rally in the markets to out-perform, then they are in effect, chasing momentum.

Investing in Non-Rupee Assets

Introduction

Indian investors have a significant home bias – we tend to hold a high proportion of our portfolio, sometimes 100%, in Indian assets. However, if you look at how the rupee has behaved vis-a-vis the US Dollar, the advantage of international diversification becomes obvious.

USDINR has been a one-way trade

Historically, the rupee has only depreciated against the dollar. It is the price we pay for being a socialist democracy with poor fiscal responsibility and an unaccountable central bank.

Depreciation quantified

Nifty investors have seen an IRR of 821% since 1991 and today. However, in dollar terms, the IRR is 286%. The difference of 535% is because of rupee depreciation – even if you had held on to a non-productive dollar asset, you would have made that much in rupee terms.

nifty.vs.defty.1991

Diversification benefit

By being long only Indian assets, your fate is tied to the vagaries of the local market participants, regulators and politicians. In a country where most people have dual-SIM phones, it is surprising that most investors are willing to hitch their ride to that pony.

One of the oldest international funds is from Birla Sun Life, let us see how that fared since the financial crisis:

Between 2008-01-01 and 2015-06-15, Birla Sun Life International Equity Fund Plan A- Growth has returned a cumulative 69.99% with an IRR of 7.37% vs. CNX Midcap’s cumulative return of 32.36% and an IRR of 3.83%. It has a beta of only 0.12825 vs. the Midcap index. (MorningStar)

Caveats

The biggest problem with investing in international funds is manager competence. All the reasons we highlighted in our post, Funds that (also) invest in foreign markets, apply. At the end of the day, you are still investing in equities and equity markets are (loosely) correlated. However, investors are better off choosing a pure international equity fund rather than one where the “international” part is a hobby.

The second problem is that there are some funds that invest in emerging Asia or frontier markets. These funds are not really long the dollar. Investors should pay attention to this detail.

Conclusion

Investing in international funds makes sense from a depreciation and diversification point of view. In our Aggressive Fund portfolio, we assign 30% of investor allocation to international funds.

Weekly Recap: Profit Destroying Innovation

world.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Equities

Major
DAX(DEU) -0.01%
CAC(FRA) -0.40%
UKX(GBR) -0.29%
NKY(JPN) -0.26%
SPX(USA) -0.09%
MINTs
JCI(IDN) -3.23%
INMEX(MEX) +0.25%
NGSEINDX(NGA) -0.13%
XU030(TUR) -1.88%
BRICS
IBOV(BRA) +0.44%
SHCOMP(CHN) +2.85%
NIFTY(IND) -1.62%
INDEXCF(RUS) +0.01%
TOP40(ZAF) +0.30%

Commodities

Energy
Natural Gas +6.59%
Ethanol -4.26%
Brent Crude Oil +1.08%
Heating Oil +0.94%
WTI Crude Oil +1.64%
RBOB Gasoline +4.58%
Metals
Copper -0.74%
Gold 100oz +1.02%
Palladium -1.90%
Platinum +0.16%
Silver 5000oz -0.63%

Currencies

USDEUR:-1.33% USDJPY:-1.77%

MINTs
USDIDR(IDN) +0.34%
USDMXN(MEX) -2.04%
USDNGN(NGA) +0.22%
USDTRY(TUR) +1.75%
BRICS
USDBRL(BRA) -1.09%
USDCNY(CHN) +0.09%
USDINR(IND) +0.48%
USDRUB(RUS) -2.13%
USDZAR(ZAF) -1.56%
Agricultural
Cattle -0.28%
Cocoa +0.05%
White Sugar -0.97%
Cotton +0.61%
Lumber +1.45%
Orange Juice +5.35%
Corn -2.15%
Feeder Cattle +0.90%
Coffee (Arabica) -2.01%
Coffee (Robusta) +0.17%
Lean Hogs -0.61%
Soybean Meal +4.00%
Soybeans +0.13%
Sugar #11 -2.98%
Wheat -2.65%

Credit Indices

Index Change
Markit CDX EM -0.48%
Markit CDX NA HY -0.19%
Markit CDX NA IG +0.14%
Markit iTraxx Asia ex-Japan IG +1.99%
Markit iTraxx Australia +1.42%
Markit iTraxx Europe +1.14%
Markit iTraxx Europe Crossover +0.36%
Markit iTraxx Japan +2.32%
Markit iTraxx SovX Western Europe +0.28%
Markit LCDX (Loan CDS) -0.02%
Markit MCDX (Municipal CDS) -0.16%
A huge wave of volatility consumed pretty much all asset classes this week. Bonds – down, equities – down, rupee – down; euro – up. Are we done yet?

Nifty Heatmap

CNX NIFTY.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Index Returns

For a deeper dive into indices, check out our weekly Index Update.
indexperformance.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Sector Performance

sectorperformance.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Advance Decline

advance.decline.line2.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Market Cap Decile Performance

Decile Mkt. Cap. Adv/Decl
1 (micro) -8.21% 59/68
2 -2.71% 58/70
3 -2.35% 58/70
4 -3.39% 61/67
5 -2.31% 58/70
6 -2.26% 61/67
7 -2.15% 57/71
8 -3.77% 58/70
9 -2.61% 58/70
10 (mega) -1.82% 60/68
A total bloodbath across market caps…

Top Winners and Losers

GLENMARK +4.08%
ICICIBANK +4.17%
OFSS +4.18%
BANKBARODA -8.30%
PNB -8.21%
BOSCHLTD -7.71%
Bosch was once a boring old manufacturing company but they had to go and include it in the Nifty and ruin it for everyone…

ETF Performance

INFRABEES +0.43%
BANKBEES +0.21%
GOLDBEES +0.01%
JUNIORBEES -1.45%
CPSEETF -1.58%
NIFTYBEES -1.58%
PSUBNKBEES -2.63%
PSU banks back to being kicked around…

Yield Curve

yield Curve.2015-06-05.2015-06-12

Bond Indices

Sub Index Change in YTM Total Return(%)
GSEC TB -0.63 +0.33%
GSEC SUB 1-3 -0.29 +0.84%
GSEC SUB 3-8 -0.07 +0.17%
GSEC SUB 8 +0.29 -2.69%
Are long bonds reflecting global liquidity jitters or are they signalling higher inflation?

Investment Theme Performance

Equity Mutual Funds

Bond Mutual Funds

Thought for the weekend

We may have entered a great period of profit destroying innovation where the benefits accrue more and more to the customers and not the providers.

For instance, for almost every SaaS company that charges for features there are now new companies being built that give the features away with the goal of charging for some activity in the network that they are looking to build.

Source: Valuations, Profit Destroying Innovation and Winner’s Curse