Author: shyam

India VIX vs. SPX VIX

The VIX index is considered a gauge of fear in the markets. A high VIX entails high option implied volatility and occurs when traders bid up options. Given the recent market turbulence where pretty much all asset classes and equity markets across the board tanked, we wanted to check if VIX indices across markets had any relationship with each other.

VIX since 2009

The India VIX index was introduced only in 2009. Let’s start by plotting it vs. the S&P 500 (SPX) Vix to see if it passes a visual sniff test.

vix.historical

We can see at least five instances where India Vix popped without a corresponding move by SPX VIX.

Distribution

The problem with trying to nail down a relationship between the two indices is that, as one would expect, India VIX is way more dispersed than its SPX counterpart. Here’s the density plot.

india vix - spx vix density plot

India vs. spx vix density plot by year.

They might share the same suffix, but they are two completely different beasts.

Cross-correlation

The plots above look at VIX levels. Maybe we should check if the changes in VIX are related. Here’s the cross-correlation plot.

india vix and spx vix cross-correlation plot

India vix and spx vix cross correlation by year.

Conclusion

We cannot really use the two Vix indices to predict each other’s moves.

Monthly Recap: Carnage

world.2015-12-31.2016-01-29

Equities

Major
DAX(DEU) -8.80%
CAC(FRA) -4.75%
UKX(GBR) -2.54%
NKY(JPN) -7.96%
SPX(USA) -5.60%
MINTs
JCI(IDN) +0.48%
INMEX(MEX) +0.57%
NGSEINDX(NGA) -16.50%
XU030(TUR) +2.99%
BRICS
IBOV(BRA) -6.79%
SHCOMP(CHN) -22.65%
NIFTY(IND) -4.82%
INDEXCF(RUS) +1.34%
TOP40(ZAF) -3.78%

Commodities

Energy
Heating Oil -3.91%
Natural Gas -1.66%
RBOB Gasoline -11.16%
WTI Crude Oil -10.10%
Brent Crude Oil -4.76%
Ethanol +1.79%
Metals
Palladium -11.05%
Silver 5000oz +3.62%
Copper -3.29%
Gold 100oz +5.37%
Platinum +0.33%

Currencies

USDEUR:+0.42% USDJPY:+0.79%

MINTs
USDIDR(IDN) -0.07%
USDMXN(MEX) +5.13%
USDNGN(NGA) -0.17%
USDTRY(TUR) +1.33%
BRICS
USDBRL(BRA) +0.98%
USDCNY(CHN) +1.27%
USDINR(IND) +2.48%
USDRUB(RUS) +3.59%
USDZAR(ZAF) +2.66%
Agricultural
Cotton -3.97%
Soybeans +1.23%
Wheat +1.75%
Coffee (Arabica) -7.87%
Lean Hogs +10.06%
Cocoa -11.17%
Coffee (Robusta) -6.98%
Corn +3.70%
Soybean Meal +2.84%
White Sugar -3.72%
Cattle -0.74%
Feeder Cattle -6.28%
Lumber -6.05%
Orange Juice -5.13%
Sugar #11 -13.48%

Credit Indices

Index Change
Markit CDX EM -0.81%
Markit CDX NA HY -2.26%
Markit CDX NA IG +16.56%
Markit iTraxx Asia ex-Japan IG +19.42%
Markit iTraxx Australia +17.89%
Markit iTraxx Europe +14.77%
Markit iTraxx Europe Crossover +51.56%
Markit iTraxx Japan +15.56%
Markit MCDX (Municipal CDS) +6.25%
A fresh bout of volatility hit the markets in January. EM currencies crashed, China capital outflows accelerated and Japan announced negative interest rates. The first half of February will see companies announce their quarterly results, adding a fresh dose of fuel to the volatility fire…

International ETFs (USD)

global.etf.performance.2015-12-31.2016-01-29

Nifty Heatmap

NIFTY 50.2015-12-31.2016-01-29

Index Returns

For a deeper dive into indices, check out our weekly Index Update.
index.performance.2015-12-31.2016-01-29

Market Cap Decile Performance

Decile Mkt. Cap. Adv/Decl
1 (micro) -17.03% 69/71
2 -9.17% 65/74
3 -15.39% 52/87
4 -16.38% 45/95
5 -18.88% 41/98
6 -14.42% 45/94
7 -15.34% 51/89
8 -15.24% 56/83
9 -16.29% 55/84
10 (mega) -7.84% 67/73
Mid- and small-caps bore the brunt of the selloff…

Top Winners and Losers

TITAN +4.77%
INFY +5.38%
SUNPHARMA +6.44%
RCOM -29.58%
IDEA -28.19%
PNB -21.09%
Whats the difference between a Brutality and Fatality?

ETF Performance

GOLDBEES +6.32%
NIFTYBEES -5.07%
CPSEETF -6.19%
JUNIORBEES -8.02%
BANKBEES -8.28%
INFRABEES -12.00%
PSUBNKBEES -20.00%
Gold saw a bid on the back of Rupee collapse…

Yield Curve

yieldCurve.2015-12-31.2016-01-29

Bond Indices

Sub Index Change in YTM Total Return(%)
0 5 -0.13 +0.99%
5 10 -0.06 +0.96%
10 15 -0.02 +0.86%
15 20 +0.06 -0.04%
20 30 +0.11 -0.48%
Bonds proved their worth during the turmoil – diversification FTW!

Investment Theme Performance

Momentum saw the worst drawdown among all strategies. But the last few days have seen a dramatic recovery…

Equity Mutual Funds

Bond Mutual Funds

Thought to sum up the month

Here’s what happens when you make short-term decisions with long-term capital:

  • You constantly change your strategy and chase past performance.
  • You ignore any semblance of a long-term plan.
  • You end up being reactive instead of pro-active with your decisions.
  • You incur higher fees from increased trading, due diligence and switching costs.
  • You lose sight of your actual goals and time horizon.
  • You end up with a portfolio that’s built to withstand the last war, not the next one.
  • You lose out on much of the long-term benefits that come from diversification, rebalancing and mean reversion.

Source: Short-Term Thinking With Long-Term Capital

Market-Cap Deciles, Part II

We had introduced the concept of dividing the universe of stocks by market-cap deciles a while ago (StockViz.) Here are some observations.

Returns

The last year has been spectacular for small- and mid-cap stocks.

From August-2014 to Now:
decile all

For 2015:
decile 2015

So far in 2016:
decile 2016-JAN
Note: Deciles go from 1 (micro-cap) to 10 (mega-cap)

In 2015:

  1. If you had blindly invested in an equal-weight portfolio of ~145 micro-cap stocks, you would have been up ~70%
  2. Every other decile out-performed the mega-caps (decile #1)
  3. Note how the standard-deviation of returns compress as you walk up the cap

Migrations

migrations 2015
Free-float market-cap is a volatile measure in itself – when you use that to classify stocks, you end up with quite a bit of movement between deciles. Something to keep in mind while using deciles for analysis.

Market breadth indicator

The mega-cap decile (decile #1) can be used as a crude market-timing indicator. If you track the number of stocks in the decile that went up vs. the number that went down, you end up with a proxy for breadth.

long-short-nifty

Even though technically it beat the buy-and-hold NIFTY 50, the indicator produces too many trades and it doesn’t offer a large enough margin of out-performance to be useful in live trading.

Next steps

We will continue to poke around and share what we find!

Definition: Drawdown

Drawdown, of an investment, is the peak-to-trough decline during a specific period.

It is not uncommon for stock indices to drawdown 30% in a year. Here’s how we see it.

Nifty 50 Drawdowns

drawdowns.nifty50

Nifty Midcap 100 Drawdowns

drawdowns.midcap100

Explainer

Drawdowns take their time to form and can be identified into three distinct points:

  1. The day from which the investment started going down. ‘From’ in the above images.
  2. The day on which the investment stopped going down. ‘Trough’ in the above images.
  3. The day on which the investment recouped all its losses from (1). ‘To’ in the above images.

The number of days the whole processes took is the ‘Length’ of the drawdown. ‘Recovery’ shows the number of days it took to get back to it initial value.

Path dependency

The yearly breakup shown above doesn’t give the real picture of how the investment actually performed during the entire stretch of time. For example, here’s NIFTY 50 vs. MIDCAP 100:

Between 2004-01-01 and 2016-01-20, NIFTY 50 has returned a cumulative 282.24% with an IRR of 11.76% vs. NIFTY MIDCAP 100's cumulative return of 394.05% and an IRR of 14.16%.

Depending on where your starting point is, you end up with different drawdown and return profiles. You can fool around with that here: svz.bz

Take-away

Returns go hand-in-hand with drawdowns. Seasoned investors wait for it (in bond funds) to enter, most long-term investors learn to ignore them and continue their dollar cost averaging (aka SIP.)

The Year 2015 in the Markets

world.2014-12-31.2015-12-31

Equities

Major
DAX(DEU) +9.56%
CAC(FRA) +8.53%
UKX(GBR) -4.93%
NKY(JPN) +9.07%
SPX(USA) -1.54%
MINTs
JCI(IDN) -12.13%
INMEX(MEX) -1.18%
NGSEINDX(NGA) -17.36%
XU030(TUR) -17.64%
BRICS
IBOV(BRA) -13.31%
SHCOMP(CHN) +9.41%
NIFTY(IND) -4.06%
INDEXCF(RUS) +26.12%
TOP40(ZAF) +4.16%

Commodities

Energy
Ethanol -13.17%
Brent Crude Oil -33.76%
Heating Oil -39.27%
Natural Gas -20.45%
RBOB Gasoline -11.49%
WTI Crude Oil -29.88%
Metals
Silver 5000oz -12.10%
Platinum -26.40%
Gold 100oz -10.86%
Copper -25.00%
Palladium -29.43%

Currencies

USDEUR:+11.51% USDJPY:+0.59%

MINTs
USDIDR(IDN) +11.64%
USDMXN(MEX) +17.00%
USDNGN(NGA) +8.49%
USDTRY(TUR) +24.88%
BRICS
USDBRL(BRA) +49.03%
USDCNY(CHN) +4.64%
USDINR(IND) +4.93%
USDRUB(RUS) +24.64%
USDZAR(ZAF) +34.63%
Agricultural
Lean Hogs -26.84%
Sugar #11 +4.32%
Cattle -18.04%
Coffee (Arabica) -25.53%
Cotton +4.21%
Lumber -21.95%
White Sugar +7.86%
Cocoa +14.74%
Corn -10.56%
Feeder Cattle -23.82%
Orange Juice -0.04%
Soybeans -14.65%
Wheat -20.25%
Coffee (Robusta) -21.25%
Soybean Meal -27.19%

Nifty Heatmap

NIFTY 50.2014-12-31.2015-12-31

Index Returns

index.performance.2014-12-31.2015-12-31

Market Cap Decile Performance

Decile Mkt. Cap. Adv/Decl
1 (micro) +83.07% 95/39
2 +64.59% 104/29
3 +40.56% 91/42
4 +31.75% 80/53
5 +28.26% 82/51
6 +27.95% 85/48
7 +14.75% 76/57
8 +19.85% 75/58
9 +5.53% 68/65
10 (mega) +0.91% 68/66
It was the year of the small-caps – vastly out-performing the NIFTY 50.

Top Winners and Losers

HINDPETRO +52.74%
IBULHSGFIN +60.20%
BRITANNIA +61.20%
BANKINDIA -61.91%
VEDL -57.86%
CANBK -48.08%
Commodities and public sector bank stocks got pummeled…

ETF Performance

JUNIORBEES +7.87%
NIFTYBEES -4.26%
GOLDBEES -7.50%
INFRABEES -9.11%
BANKBEES -10.32%
CPSEETF -14.07%
PSUBNKBEES -31.65%
Broad-based indices had very little to offer…

Yield Curve

yieldCurve.2014-12-31.2015-12-31

Bond Indices

Sub Index Change in YTM Total Return(%)
0 5 -0.50 +9.21%
5 10 -0.14 +8.78%
10 15 +0.01 +7.83%
15 20 +0.09 +7.02%
20 30 +0.13 +6.10%
On a total return basis, the long-bonds barely kept up with inflation.

Spread between US Treasuries and Indian Gilts

ust-ind-10yr-spread.2011-01-18

Investment Theme Performance

Most investment strategies came out ahead…

Equity Mutual Funds

Bond Mutual Funds

Institutional fund flows

dii-investments.2014-01-01.2015-12-31

fii-investments.2014-01-01.2015-12-31

Commentary

It was a year that saw record inflows of retail money into mutual funds and record outflow of foreign investors out of Indian markets. There were taper tantrums, Greece, GST #fail and so many worries. But the systematic and patient investor was rewarded for keeping a cool head.